Course Outline
Module 1: Course Introduction
Module 2: Introduction to VMware Virtualization
Module 3: Configuring VMware ESX and ESXi
Module 4: Installing and Using VMware vCenter Server
Module 5: Networking
Module 6: Storage
Module 7: Virtual Machines
Module 9: Resource Monitoring
Module 10: Scalability
Module 11: High Availability and Data Protection
Module 12: Configuration Management
Module 13: Installing VMware ESX and ESXi
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Module 1: Course Introduction
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VMware vSphere Environment
- VMware Esx / Esxi hosts
- vCenter Server
- VMware Certified Professional ( VCP )
It is infrastructure virtualization suite that provides virtualization management , resource optimization , application availability and operational automation capabilities. It also aggregates physical hardware resources and provides virtual resources to data-center.
Objectives for the Learner
- Install and Configure Esx / Esxi
- Install and configure vCenter Server.
- Configure Networking ( Standard & Distributing )
- Configure Storage ( Fibre Channal , iSCSi , NAS / NFS , VMFS)
- Deploy and Manage Virtual Machines Using Templetes
- Use VMware vCenter Convertor and guided consolidation.
- Manage User Permissions in vCenter Server
- Migrate VM using VMware VMotion and Storage VMotion.
- Monitor resources using vCenter Server
- Configure VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler and VMware high availability Cluster.
- Back-up and recover a virtual machine using VMware Data Recovery
- Configure vCenter Update Manager
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Module 2: Introduction to VMware Virtualization
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- Virtualization is technology that transforms hardware into software.
- Virtualization is technology that runs multiple computers as virtual machines (vm) on a single harware computer. each copy of computer is installed on virtual machines.
- virtualization layer is installed , which uses hosted based architecture or hypervisor based architecture.
- Host Based Architecture. > Virtulatization layer is installed on Host OS( Win , or Linux )
- Hypervisor based Architecture > Vitualization layer is installed on Bare Matel and Hypervisor acts as OS
- Virtual Machine > It is software platform that acts like a physical computer , runs ans OS and applications.
- Hypervisor Consider vm as set of files e.g configuration file , virtual disk file , nvram file , log file.
Physical Machine.
- Difficult to move or copy
- Bound to a specific set of hardware components
- Often has short life cycle
- Requires personal contact to upgrade hardware
Virtual Machine
- Easy to move and copy ( Encapslated into files , Independent of physical hardware )
- Easy to manage ( Isolated from other virtual machines running on the same physical hardware Physical Machine , Virtual Machine Insulated from physical hardware changes )
- VMware ESX™/ESXi
- VMware vCenter™ Server
- VMware vSphere web access
- VMware vStorage VMFS
- VMware Virtual SMP
- ESX/ESXi uses virtualization layers based on the hypervisor architecture.
- Virtual machines are encapsulated into files and independent of physical hardware, making them easy to move and copy between hosts.
- vSphere is commonly used for datacenter consolidation.
Module 3: Configuring VMware ESX and ESXi
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Introduction
- VMware® ESX™/ESXi hosts provide the physical resources used to run multiple virtual machines.
- ESX and ESXi are bare-metal, efficient, and reliable hypervisors running directly on server.
- ESX and ESXi abstract CPU, memory, storage, and networking into multiple virtual machines.
- Can use standard and distributed virtual switches, NIC teaming, and VLANs
- Can use the VMware vStorage VMFS for storing virtual machines
- Can be managed by VMware vCenter™ Server
- Can take advantage of various VMware vSphere™ features, such as VMware VMotion™
- Can be accessed using the VMware vSphere Client
ESX
- Managed with a built-in service console or the vSphere Command-Line Interface (vCLI)
- Available as an installable DVD boot image
- ESX has a built-in, Linux-based service console that can be used to configure, manage, and troubleshoot the ESX host.
- Managed with a BIOS-like direct console or vCLI
- A high-security, 32MB footprint
- ESXi Installable – Available as an installable CD-ROM boot image
- ESXi Embedded – ESX image preinstalled as firmware or burned onto an external USB key by the hardware vendor
- ESXi has a compact, 32MB footprint for increased security and reliability.
Module 4: Installing and Using VMware vCenter Server
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VMware vCenter Server
- VMware® vCenter™ Server allows you to centrally manage multiple VMware ESX™/ESXi servers and their virtual machines
- VMware vCenter Server is the central point for configuring, provisioning, and managing virtualized IT environments.
Modules provide additional features and functionality to vCenter Server.modules include a server component and a client component
Examples:
VMware vCenter Update Manager
VMware vCenter Converter
- The client component is a plug-in available for download and installation to vSphere Clients after the server component is installed in vCenter Server.
- The client component alters the interface by adding items related to the enhanced functionality.
1. Start the VMware vCenter Installer wizard.
2. Select vSphere Client.
3. In the vSphere Client installer:
a. Accept the EULA.
b. Enter user name and company name.
c. Select Install VMware vSphere Host Update Utility if you plan to manage host patches, updates,
and upgrades from this machine.
d. Accept the default installation location.
Module Summary
- The vCenter architecture consists of the vCenter Server, the vCenter Server database, vSphere Web Access, vSphere Client, Active Directory, and managed ESX/ESXi hosts.
- Install vCenter Server and its components using the VMware vCenter Installer wizard.
- Install the server component of vCenter Server additional modules using the VMware vCenter Installer wizard.
- Install the client component of vCenter Server additional modules as plug-ins in the vSphere Client.
Module 5: VMware Networking
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Introduction
VMware ESX™/ESXi networking features allow virtual machines to communicate with other virtual and physical machines, allow management of the ESX/ESXi host, and allow the VMkernel to access IP-based storage and perform VMotion™ migrations
- vNetwork Standard Switches
- vNetwork Distributed Switches
- Modifying Virtual Switch Properties
vNetwork capabilities optimally align physical and virtual machine networking, and provide the networking for hosts and virtual machines. vNetwork supports two types of virtual switches:
- vNetwork Standard Switches
- Virtual switch configuration for a single host
- Virtual switches that provide a consistent network configuration for virtual machines as they migrate across multiple hosts
- Directs network traffic between virtual machines and links to external networks
- Combines the bandwidth of multiple network adapters and balances traffic among them. It can also handle physical NIC failover.
- Models a physical Ethernet switch ( 4,088 maximum ports)
- VMkernel port (used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS)
- Service console port (ESX only)
- Virtual machine port group
The benefits of distributed switches over standard switches:
- Simplify datacenter administration
- Provide support for private VLANs
- Enable networking statistics and policies to migrate with virtual machines during a migration using VMware VMotion™
- Provide for customization and third-party development
Summary
- A vNetwork distributed switch is similar to a vNetwork standard switch, except that it is configured at the vCenter Server level.
- Although the distributed switch is controlled by vCenter Server, the VMkernel connection, the service console connection, and the physical uplinks are still managed on each host.
- It is possible to move virtual machines from a standard switch to a distributed switch, and vice versa.
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Module 6: Storage
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Storage options give you the flexibility to set up your storage based on your cost, performance, and manageability requirements. Shared storage is useful for disaster recovery, high availability, and moving virtual machines between hosts.
Storage Technology Overview
Storage Technology => Localy Attached , Fibre Channal , iSCSI , NAS
Data Store Types => VMware VStorage(VMFS vmfilesystem) , NFS network file system , RawDrive Mappings ( RDMs)
DaraStores can exist on storage technology.
- Locally-attached storage – Internal or external storage disks or arrays attached to the host through a direct connection
- Fibre Channel – A high-speed SCSI transport protocol used for storage area networking (SAN)
- iSCSI – A SCSI transport protocol, enabling access to storage devices over standard TCP/IP networks
- Network-attached storage (NAS) – Storage shared over the network at the file system level
What is Data Store ??
Data Store is logical storage unit which use disk space of a physical drive , partition or spans over multiple disks/devices.DS has two types
- VMFS ( VMware File System)
- Network File System ( NFS )
VMFS ( VMware File System)
- Clusted file system
- Technology for VMotion , VMware HA ( high availability) , and DRS.
- Allow concurrent access to Shared Storage.
- Can be Configured on Local, Fibre Channal , iSCSI Storage.
- Storage Shared over Network at a File System Level
- NFS V3 is Supported over tcpip
- A mapping file in a VMFS volume that acts as a proxy for a raw physical device
- A raw disk is a repository for large amounts of data that you do not want to move onto a virtual disk.
Local versus Shared Storage
Advantages of using local storage:
- Easy to physically move the box
- Most common location for installing ESX
- Ideal for small environments
- Scalable and recoverable implementation
- Multiple hosts can access the same storage space.
- Virtual machines can be clustered across physical hosts.
- Virtual machines can take advantage of vSphere features like VMware VMotion™.
- Allows data replication
Storage devices are identified in several ways
- SCSI ID – Unique SCSI identifier
- Canonical name – The Network Address Authority (NAA) ID is a unique LUN identifier, guaranteed to be unique across reboots.
- For those devices without a unique ID, a VMware mpx reference is used
instead. - Runtime name – Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name is not persistent through reboots.
Physical Storage Considerations
Discuss vSphere storage needs with your storage administration team
- LUN sizes
- I/O bandwidth
- Disk cache parameters
- Zoning and masking
- Identical LUN presentation to each VMware ESX™/ESXi host
- Active-active or active-passive arrays
- Export properties for NFS datastores
- vSphere supports Fibre Channel, iSCSI, and NAS storage technologies.
- vSphere supports VMFS datastores, RDMs, and NFS datastores.
- View storage information from the host’s Configuration tab or the Storage Views tab.
- Storage devices are uniquely identified using the NAA ID.
Fibre Channel SAN Storage
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